CBSE Class 10 Mathematics 2026-27 Syllabus

The syllabus consists of seven units: (i) Number Systems (ii) Algebra (iii) Coordinate Geometry (iv) Geometry (v) Trigonometry (vi) Mensuration (vii) Statistics and Probability.

CBSE Class 10 Mathematics 2026-27 Syllabus

Exam Structure

Units Marks
I Number Systems 6
II Algebra 20
III Coordinate Geometry 6
IV Geometry 15
V Trigonometry 12
VI Mensuration 10
VII Statistics & Probability 11
  Total 80

Unit I: Number Systems

1. REAL NUMBERS

  • Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic - statements after reviewing work done earlier and after illustrating and motivating through examples
  • Proofs of results - irrationality of √2, √3, √5

Unit II: Algebra

1. POLYNOMIALS

  • Zeros of a polynomial
  • Relationship between zeros and coefficients of quadratic polynomials

2. PAIR OF LINEAR EQUATIONS IN TWO VARIABLES

  • Pair of linear equations in two variables and graphical method of their solution, consistency / inconsistency
  • Algebraic conditions for number of solutions
  • Solution of a pair of linear equations in two variables algebraically - by substitution, by elimination
  • Simple situational problems

3. QUADRATIC EQUATIONS

  • Standard form of a quadratic equation ax2 + bx + c = 0, (a ≠ 0)
  • Solution of the quadratic equations (only real roots) by factorization, by completing the square and by using quadratic formula
  • Relationship between discriminant and nature of roots
  • Situational problems based on quadratic equations related to day to day activities

4. ARITHMETIC PROGRESSIONS

  • Motivation for studying Arithmetic Progression
  • Derivation of the nth term and sum of the first n terms of A.P.
  • Application in solving daily life problems

Unit III: Coordinate Geometry

Coordinate Geometry

  • Review: Concepts of coordinate geometry
  • Distance formula
  • Section formula (internal division)

Unit IV: Geometry

1. TRIANGLES

Definitions, examples, counter examples of similar triangles.

  1. (Prove) If a line is drawn parallel to one side of a triangle to intersect the other two sides in distinct points, the other two sides are divided in the same ratio.
  2. State (without proof) If a line divides two sides of a triangle in the same ratio, the line is parallel to the third side.
  3. State (without proof) If in two triangles, the corresponding angles are equal, their corresponding sides are proportional and the triangles are similar.
  4. State (without proof) If the corresponding sides of two triangles are proportional, their corresponding angles are equal and the two triangles are similar.
  5. State (without proof) If one angle of a triangle is equal to one angle of another triangle and the sides including these angles are proportional, the two triangles are similar.

2. CIRCLES

Tangents to a circle at, point of contact.

  1. (Prove) The tangent at any point of a circle is perpendicular to the radius through the point of contact.
  2. (Prove) The lengths of tangents drawn from an external point to circle are equal.

Unit V: Trigonometry

1 . INTRODUCTION TO TRIGONOMETRY

  • Trigonometric ratios of an acute angle of a right-angled triangle. Proof of their existence (well defined)
  • Motivate the ratios, whichever are defined at 0° and 90°
  • Values of the trigonometric ratios of 30°, 45° and 60°
  • Relationships between the ratios

2. TRIGONOMETRIC IDENTITIES

  • Proof and applications of the identity sin2A + cos2A = 1
  • Only simple identities to be given

3. HEIGHTS AND DISTANCES

Angle of elevation, Angle of Depression

Simple and problems on heights and distances. Problems should not involve more than two right triangles. Angles of elevation / depression should be only 30°, 45°, 60°.

Unit VI: Mensuration

1. AREAS RELATED TO CIRCLES

  • Area of sectors and segments of a circle
  • Problems based on areas and perimeter / circumference of the above said plane figures.

In calculating area of segment of a circle, problems should be restricted to central angle of 60°, 90° and 120° only.

2. SURFACE AREAS AND VOLUMES

Surface areas and volumes of combinations of any two of the following: cubes, cuboids, spheres, hemispheres and right circular cylinders / cones.

Unit VII: Statistics and Probability

1. STATISTICS

Mean, median and mode of grouped data (bimodal situation to be avoided).

2. PROBABILITY

  • Classical definition of probability
  • Simple problems on finding the probability of an event