Legal Studies Class 12 Syllabus 2025
Theory paper is of 80 marks and 3 hours duration. There are eight units in the syllabus - (i) Judiciary (ii) Alternative Dispute Resolution in India (ADR) (iii) Topics in Law - I (Business Laws) (iv) Topics in Law - II (General Laws) (v) Concept of Human Rights (vi) International Law (vii) Legal Profession in India (viii) Legal Services.
Exam Structure
| # | Units | Marks |
| 1 | Judiciary | 8 |
| 2 | Alternative Dispute Resolution in India (ADR) | 8 |
| 3 | Topics in Law - I (Business Laws) | 20 |
| 4 | Topics in Law - II (General Laws) | 10 |
| 5 | Concept of Human Rights | 10 |
| 6 | International Law | 8 |
| 7 | Legal Profession in India | 8 |
| 8 | Legal Services | 8 |
| Total | 80 |
Unit 1: Judiciary
- Structure and Hierarchy of Courts and Legal Offices in India
- Constitution, Roles and Impartiality
- Appointments, Trainings, Retirement and Removal of Judges
- Tribunals
- Courts and Judicial Review
Unit 2: Alternative Dispute Resolution in India (ADR)
- Adversarial and Inquisitorial Systems
- Meaning and scope of ADR
- Arbitration
- Mediation
- Conciliation
- Lok Adalat
- Ombudsman
- Lokpal and Lokayukt
Unit 3: Topics in Law I (Business Laws)
- Law of Contract
- Law of Torts
- Law of Property
- Intellectual Property Law
Unit 4: Topics in Law II (General Laws)
- Law and Sustainable Development
- Forms of Legal Entities
- Criminal Laws in India
Unit 5: Concept of Human Rights
- Human Rights in India
- Human Rights Violations - Complaint Mechanism (Quasi-Judicial bodies)
Unit 6: International Law
- Introduction
- Historical Evolution of International Law
- What is International Law?
- Sources of International Law
- International Human Rights
- International Law & Municipal Law
- International Law & India
- Dispute Resolution
Unit 7: Legal Profession in India
- The Advocate Act,1961
- Lawyers and Professional Ethics
- Advertising by Lawyers
- Liberalization and Globalization of legal profession
- Women and Legal Profession
- Legal Education in India, USA and UK
- Opportunities for Law Graduates
Unit 8: Legal Services
- Brief history of Legal services
- Free Legal Aid under Criminal law
- Legal aid by the State
- Legal Aid under the Indian Constitution
- National Legal Services Authority (NALSA)
- Legal Services Authority Act,1987
- Legal Aid in context of social justice and Human Rights